HTTP客户端连接，选择HttpClient还是OkHttp？
IT科技 2025-10-07 13:24:45
0
写在前面
为什么会写这篇文章，客户起因于和朋友的端连聊天
这又触及到我的知识盲区了，首先来一波面向百度学习，接选直接根据关键字httpclient和okhttp的客户区别、性能比较进行搜索，端连没有找到想要的接选答案，于是客户就去overstackflow上看看是不是有人问过这个问题，果然不会让你失望的端连
所以从使用、性能、接选超时配置方面进行比较
使用
HttpClient和OkHttp一般用于调用其它服务，客户一般服务暴露出来的端连接口都为http，http常用请求类型就为GET、接选PUT、客户POST和DELETE，端连因此主要介绍这些请求类型的接选调用
HttpClient使用介绍
使用HttpClient发送请求主要分为以下几步骤：
创建 CloseableHttpClient对象或CloseableHttpAsyncClient对象，前者同步，后者为异步 创建Http请求对象 调用execute方法执行请求，如果是高防服务器异步请求在执行之前需调用start方法创建连接：
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();该连接为同步连接
GET请求：
@Test public void testGet() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }使用HttpGet表示该连接为GET请求，HttpClient调用execute方法发送GET请求
PUT请求：
@Test public void testPut() throws IOException { String api = "/api/user"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url); UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(16L).build(); httpPut.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8"); httpPut.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8")); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPut); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }POST请求：
添加对象
@Test public void testPost() throws IOException { String api = "/api/user"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t2").build(); httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8"); httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8")); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }该请求是一个创建对象的请求，需要传入一个json字符串
上传文件
@Test public void testUpload1() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); File file = new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/学习/docker_practice.pdf"); FileBody fileBody = new FileBody(file); MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create(); builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE); builder.addPart("file", fileBody); //addPart上传文件 HttpEntity entity = builder.build(); httpPost.setEntity(entity); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }通过addPart上传文件
DELETE请求：
@Test public void testDelete() throws IOException { String api = "/api/user/12"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpDelete); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }请求的取消：
@Test public void testCancel() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //设置超时时间 //测试连接的取消 long begin = System.currentTimeMillis(); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); while (true) { if (System.currentTimeMillis() - begin > 1000) { httpGet.abort(); System.out.println("task canceled"); break; } } System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }调用abort方法取消请求 执行结果：
task canceled cost 8098 msc Disconnected from the target VM, address: 127.0.0.1:60549, transport: socket java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】OkHttp使用
使用OkHttp发送请求主要分为以下几步骤：
创建OkHttpClient对象 创建Request对象 将Request 对象封装为Call 通过Call 来执行同步或异步请求，调用execute方法同步执行，调用enqueue方法异步执行创建连接：
private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();GET请求：
@Test public void testGet() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .get() .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().string()); }PUT请求：
@Test public void testPut() throws IOException { String api = "/api/user"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); //请求参数 UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(11L).build(); RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"), JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO)); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .put(requestBody) .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().string()); }POST请求：
添加对象
@Test public void testPost() throws IOException { String api = "/api/user"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); //请求参数 JSONObject json = new JSONObject(); json.put("name", "hetiantian"); RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"), String.valueOf(json)); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(requestBody) //post请求 .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().string()); }上传文件
@Test public void testUpload() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder() .setType(MultipartBody.FORM) .addFormDataPart("file", "docker_practice.pdf", RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/学习/docker_practice.pdf"))) .build(); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(requestBody) //默认为GET请求，可以不写 .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().string()); }通过addFormDataPart方法模拟表单方式上传文件
DELETE请求：
@Test public void testDelete() throws IOException { String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); //请求参数 Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .delete() .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().string()); }请求的取消：
@Test public void testCancelSysnc() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .get() .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); //测试连接的取消 while (true) { //1分钟获取不到结果就取消请求 if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 1000) { call.cancel(); System.out.println("task canceled"); break; } } System.out.println(response.body().string()); }调用cancel方法进行取消 测试结果：
task canceled cost 9110 msc java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】小结
OkHttp使用build模式创建对象来的更简洁一些，并且使用.post/.delete/.put/.get方法表示请求类型，不需要像HttpClient创建HttpGet、HttpPost等这些方法来创建请求类型
依赖包上，如果HttpClient需要发送异步请求、实现文件上传，需要额外的引入异步请求依赖
<!---文件上传--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId> <version>4.5.3</version> </dependency> <!--异步请求--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpasyncclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.3</version> </dependency>请求的取消，HttpClient使用abort方法，OkHttp使用cancel方法，都挺简单的，如果使用的是云服务器提供商异步client，则在抛出异常时调用取消请求的方法即可
超时设置
HttpClient超时设置：
在HttpClient4.3+版本以上，超时设置通过RequestConfig进行设置
private CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build(); private RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom() .setSocketTimeout(60 * 1000) .setConnectTimeout(60 * 1000).build(); String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //设置超时时间超时时间是设置在请求类型HttpGet上，而不是HttpClient上
OkHttp超时设置：
直接在OkHttp上进行设置
private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder() .connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//设置连接超时时间 .readTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//设置读取超时时间 .build();小结：
如果client是单例模式，HttpClient在设置超时方面来的更灵活，针对不同请求类型设置不同的超时时间，OkHttp一旦设置了超时时间，所有请求类型的超时时间也就确定
HttpClient和OkHttp性能比较
测试环境：
CPU 六核 内存 8G windows10每种测试用例都测试五次，排除偶然性
client连接为单例：
client连接不为单例：
单例模式下，HttpClient的响应速度要更快一些，单位为毫秒，性能差异相差不大
非单例模式下，OkHttp的性能更好，HttpClient创建连接比较耗时，因为多数情况下这些资源都会写成单例模式，因此图一的测试结果更具有参考价值
总结
OkHttp和HttpClient在性能和使用上不分伯仲，根据实际业务选择即可
示例代码
https://github.com/TiantianUpup/http-call
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