ry 语句如何更优雅的关闭资源?请看这里!

一、语句优雅源请摘要

try-with-resources​是何更 JDK 7 中引入的一个新的异常处理机制,它能让开发人员不用显式的闭资释放try-catch语句块中使用的资源。

比如,看里我们以文件资源拷贝为示例,语句优雅源请大家所熟悉的何更try-catch-finally写法如下:

ry 语句如何更优雅的关闭资源?请看这里!

public class ResourceTest1 {

ry 语句如何更优雅的关闭资源?请看这里!

public static void main(String[] args) {

ry 语句如何更优雅的关闭资源?请看这里!

BufferedInputStream bin = null;

BufferedOutputStream bout = null;

try {

bin = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File( "test.txt")));

bout = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File( "out.txt")));

int b;

while ((b = bin.read()) != -1) {

bout.write(b);

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

//关闭文件流

if (bin != null) {

try {

bin.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

if (bout != null) {

try {

bout.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

}

我们现在将其改成使用try-with-resources编程方式,你会惊奇的闭资发现只需要简单的几行代码就可以搞定,不用显式关闭资源,看里方式如下:

public class ResourceTest2 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try (BufferedInputStream bin = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("test.txt")));

BufferedOutputStream bout = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File("out.txt")))) {

int b;

while ((b = bin.read()) != -1) {

bout.write(b);

}

}

catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

在 JDK7 之前,语句优雅源请在处理必须关闭的何更资源时,开发人员必须要牢记在try-catch​语句中使用finally执行关闭资源的闭资方法,否则随着程序不断运行,看里资源泄露将会累计成重大的语句优雅源请生产事故,如果你的何更程序中同时打开了多个资源,你会惊奇的闭资发,关闭资源的代码竟然比业务代码还要多,使得代码更加难以清晰的阅读和管理。

因此在这样的背景下,亿华云try-with-resources​由此诞生,它的设计初衷就是旨在减轻开发人员释放try块中使用的资源负担。

习惯了try-catch-finally​写法的同学,可能会发出疑问,是不是所有涉及到资源的操作都可以用try-with-resources编程?使用这种编程方式有没有坑?如果有坑,使用的时候哪些地方应该需要注意呢?....

好吧,废话也不多说了,今天我们就一起来看看try-with-resources编程原理。

二、实践解说

try-with-resources​语句能确保每个资源在语句结束时被关闭,但是有一个前提条件,那就是这个资源必须实现了java.lang.AutoCloseable接口,才可以被执行关闭。

try-with-resources​编程模式中,无需开发人员显式关闭资源的前提是,这个资源必须实现java.lang.AutoCloseable​接口,并且重写close​方法,否则无法在try-with-resources中进行声明变量。

下面我们可以关闭单个资源为例,代码如下:

public class TryResourceDemo implements AutoCloseable {

public void doSomething(){

System.out.println("do something");

}

@Override

public void close() throws Exception {

System.out.println("resource is closed");

}

}public class TryResourceTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try(TryResourceDemo res = new TryResourceDemo()) {

res.doSomething();

} catch(Exception ex) {

ex.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

运行结果如下:

do something

resource is closed

可以很清晰的看到,云南idc服务商close方法被调用了!

下面我们再打开反编译后的TryResourceTest.class​文件代码,你会惊奇发现,编译器自动给代码加上了finally​方法,并且会调用close方法,将资源关闭!

public class TryResourceTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

TryResourceDemo res = new TryResourceDemo();

Throwable var2 = null;

try {

res.doSomething();

} catch (Throwable var12) {

var2 = var12;

throw var12;

} finally {

if (res != null) {

if (var2 != null) {

try {

res.close();

} catch (Throwable var11) {

var2.addSuppressed(var11);

}

} else {

res.close();

}

}

}

} catch (Exception var14) {

var14.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

也就是说,使用try-with-resources​编程,其实是编译器显式的给代码了添加finally方法,省去开发人员手动关闭资源的操作!

三、资源关闭顺序

上面我们只介绍了关闭单个资源的场景,假如有多个资源时,try-with-resources是如何关闭的呢?

下面还是举例看结果。

public class TryResourceDemo1 implements AutoCloseable {

public void doSomething(){

System.out.println("do something 1");

}

@Override

public void close() throws Exception {

System.out.println("resource 1 is closed");

}

}public class TryResourceDemo2 implements AutoCloseable {

public void doSomething(){

System.out.println("do something 2");

}

@Override

public void close() throws Exception {

System.out.println("resource 2 is closed");

}

}public class TryResourceDemoTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try(TryResourceDemo1 demo1 = new TryResourceDemo1();

TryResourceDemo2 demo2 = new TryResourceDemo2()) {

System.out.println("do...");

demo1.doSomething();

demo2.doSomething();

} catch(Exception ex) {

ex.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

运行结果如下:

do...

do something 1

do something 2

resource 2 is closed

resource 1 is closed

从结果上可以看出,try语句中越是最后使用的资源,越是最早被关闭。

关于这一点,大家可以从反编译的代码中找到原理!

四、网站模板异常处理机制

正常的情况下,try​语句结束时会关闭相关的资源,假如语句内部执行时发生异常,同时我们又显式的调用了finally方法,执行的顺序又是怎样的呢?

下面继续举例看结果。

public class TryThrowResourceDemoTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

AutoCloseable obj1 = null;

AutoCloseable obj2 = null;

try (TryResourceDemo1 demo1 = new TryResourceDemo1();

TryResourceDemo2 demo2 = new TryResourceDemo2();) {

System.out.println("do...");

obj1 = demo1;

System.out.println(1 / 0);

obj2 = demo2;

System.out.println("over...");

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

System.out.println("before finally close");

if (obj1 != null) {

obj1.close();

}

if (obj2 != null) {

obj2.close();

}

System.out.println("after finally close");

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

运行结果如下:

do...

resource 2 is closed

resource 1 is closed

before finally close

resource 1 is closed

after finally close

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

at com.example.java.trywithresources.a.TryThrowResourceDemoTest.main(TryThrowResourceDemoTest.java:18)

可以很清晰的看到,可以得出如下结论:

只要实现了AutoCloseable​接口的类,并且在try​里声明了对象变量,在try​结束后,不管是否发生异常,close方法都会被调用其次,在try​里越晚声明的对象,会越早被close掉try​结束后自动调用的close​方法,这个动作会早于finally里调用的方法五、压制异常处理

大部分情况,我们通常不会担心资源的close​会发生异常,现在假设如果try​里声明的资源对象,当执行close方法抛异常时,他们的执行顺序又是怎样的呢?我们又如何获取这种异常呢?

还是眼见为实,下面以举例看结果。

public class TryThrowableResourceDemo1 implements AutoCloseable {

public void doSomething(){

System.out.println("do something 1");

throw new NullPointerException("TryThrowableResourceDemo1: doSomething() NullPointerException");

}

@Override

public void close() throws Exception {

System.out.println("TryThrowableResourceDemo1 is closed");

throw new NullPointerException("TryThrowableResourceDemo1: close() NullPointerException");

}

}public class TryThrowableResourceDemo2 implements AutoCloseable {

public void doSomething(){

System.out.println("do something 2");

throw new NullPointerException("TryThrowableResourceDemo2: doSomething() NullPointerException");

}

@Override

public void close() throws Exception {

System.out.println("TryThrowableResourceDemo2 is closed");

throw new NullPointerException("TryThrowableResourceDemo2: close() NullPointerException");

}

}public class TryThrowableResourceDemoTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try (TryThrowableResourceDemo1 demo1 = new TryThrowableResourceDemo1();

TryThrowableResourceDemo2 demo2 = new TryThrowableResourceDemo2()) {

System.out.println("do...");

demo1.doSomething();

demo2.doSomething();

} catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println("gobal: exception");

System.out.println(e.getMessage());

Throwable[] suppressed = e.getSuppressed();

for (int i = 0; i < suppressed.length; i++){

System.out.println(suppressed[i].getMessage());

}

}

}

}

运行结果如下:

do...

do something 1

TryThrowableResourceDemo2 is closed

TryThrowableResourceDemo1 is closed

gobal: exception

TryThrowableResourceDemo1: doSomething() NullPointerException

TryThrowableResourceDemo2: close() NullPointerException

TryThrowableResourceDemo1: close() NullPointerException

从运行结果我们可以很清晰的看到,对于try​语句块内的异常,我们可以通过e.getMessage()​获取,对于close()​方法抛出的异常,其实编译器对这部分的异常进行特殊处理,将其放入到集合数组中了,因此我们需要通过e.getSuppressed()方法来获取。

具体反编译后的代码如下:

public class TryThrowableResourceDemoTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

TryThrowableResourceDemo1 demo1 = new TryThrowableResourceDemo1();

Throwable var34 = null;

try {

TryThrowableResourceDemo2 demo2 = new TryThrowableResourceDemo2();

Throwable var4 = null;

try {

System.out.println("do...");

demo1.doSomething();

demo2.doSomething();

} catch (Throwable var29) {

var4 = var29;

throw var29;

} finally {

if (demo2 != null) {

if (var4 != null) {

try {

demo2.close();

} catch (Throwable var28) {

var4.addSuppressed(var28);

}

} else {

demo2.close();

}

}

}

} catch (Throwable var31) {

var34 = var31;

throw var31;

} finally {

if (demo1 != null) {

if (var34 != null) {

try {

demo1.close();

} catch (Throwable var27) {

var34.addSuppressed(var27);

}

} else {

demo1.close();

}

}

}

} catch (Exception var33) {

System.out.println("gobal: exception");

System.out.println(var33.getMessage());

Throwable[] suppressed = var33.getSuppressed();

for(int i = 0; i < suppressed.length; ++i) {

System.out.println(suppressed[i].getMessage());

}

}

}

}六、关闭资源的坑

在实际的使用中,不管是使用try-with-resource​编程还是使用try-catch-finally​编程,一定需要了解资源的close方法内部的实现逻辑,否则还是可能会导致资源泄露。

举个例子,在 Java BIO 中采用了大量的装饰器模式。当调用装饰器的 close 方法时,本质上是调用了装饰器包装的流对象的 close 方法。比如:

public class TryWithResource {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try (FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(new File("input.txt"));

GZIPOutputStream out = new GZIPOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File("out.txt")))) {

byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];

int read;

while ((read = fin.read(buffer)) != -1) {

out.write(buffer, 0, read);

}

}

catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

在上述代码中,我们从FileInputStream​中读取字节,并且写入到GZIPOutputStream​中。GZIPOutputStream​实际上是FileOutputStream的装饰器。

由于try-with-resource​的特性,实际编译之后的代码会在后面带上finally​代码块,并且在里面调用fin.close()​方法和out.close()方法。

我们再来看GZIPOutputStream​类的close方法。

public void close() throws IOException {

if (!closed) {

finish();

if (usesDefaultDeflater)

def.end();

out.close();

closed = true;

}

}

在调用out​变量的close​方法之前,GZIPOutputStream​还做了finish​操作,该操作还会继续往FileOutputStream​中写压缩信息,此时如果出现异常,则out.close()​方法会被略过,而out​变量实际上代表的是被装饰的FileOutputStream类,这个才是最底层的资源关闭方法。

正确的做法应该是在try-with-resource​中单独声明最底层的资源,保证对应的close​方法一定能够被调用。在刚才的例子中,我们需要单独声明每个FileInputStream​以及FileOutputStream,改成如下方式:

public class TryWithResource {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try (FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(new File("input.txt"));

FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(new File("out.txt"));

GZIPOutputStream out = new GZIPOutputStream(fout)) {

byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];

int read;

while ((read = fin.read(buffer)) != -1) {

out.write(buffer, 0, read);

}

}

catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

编译器会自动生成fout.close()的代码,这样肯定能够保证真正的流被关闭。

七、小结

在处理必须关闭的资源时,使用try-with-resources​语句替代try-catch-finally语句,你会惊奇的发现,编写的代码更简洁,更清晰,同时也省去了手动显式释放资源的烦恼。

因此在实际编程过程中,推荐大家采用这种方式编写,同时要关注close方法内部的实现逻辑,避免资源泄露,服务宕机!

八、参考

1、知乎 - 深入理解Java try-with-resource

2、csdn - try - with - resources详解

滇ICP备2023000592号-31